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Unit 1: Introduction and Basic Concepts

1. Data Communication

Definition:

• Data communication refers to the process of exchanging data between two devices using some form of transmission medium (e.g., wire, fiber optics, radio waves).

Telecommunication:

• The word "tele" (Greek for “far”) means communication over a distance.
• Includes telephony, telegraphy, television, and the internet.

Characteristics of Effective Data Communication

1. Delivery: Data must be delivered to the correct recipient.
2. Accuracy: Data must be received without errors.
3. Timeliness: Late data is useless, especially for real-time applications (e.g., video streaming).
4. Jitter: Variations in packet arrival times that affect audio/video quality.

2. Components of a Data Communication System

A typical data communication system consists of:

1. Message: The actual data being communicated (text, images, audio, video).
2. Sender: The device that sends the data (computer, phone, camera).
3. Receiver: The device that receives the message (computer, phone, TV).